Rome s Transformation From Republic - 1584 Words

As the first Roman emperor (though he never claimed the title), Augustus led Rome’s transformation from republic to empire during the chaotic years following the assassination of his great-uncle and adoptive father Julius Caesar. Augustus became one of Rome’s greatest leaders and he established the principate, the form of government under which Rome ruled its empire for many years. HISTORICAL CONTEXT Caesar Augustus, was born Gaius Julius Octavius in Rome, Italy and was alive from 63 BC - AD 14. Augustus’ father, also called Gaius Octavius, was the governor of Macedonia, and his mother was the niece of Julius Caesar. Octavian grew up in the village of Velletri, near Rome. His father died when he was just four years old and his mother remarried, but Augustus was sent to be raised by his grandmother Julia Caesar, Julius Caesar s sister. Many significant events occurred throughout this period of time in Rome and the surrounding regions. During the years of his birth, Rome was on an expansionist route, constantly building expanding their vast empire. This is evident with conquering of Syria in 62B.C. Also at this time, Rome was still a republic governed by elected officials. Furthermore the first triumvirate, (a political regime dominated by three powerful individuals, each called Triumvirs) was established over Rome in 60 B.C by Caesar, Crassus and Pompey. This in many ways contributed to the fall of the Roman Empire as this illegitimate use of power was very unsustainableShow MoreRelatedAnalysis : The A Tick Tock 1730 Words   |  7 PagesImagine, if you will, a society in which time has no clout, dominion, or sway. As you peer from the edge of today and into the bleak personifications of history - that is the unwelcoming Ancient Roman Empire – a delicate gleam weaves its way through the obscurity: be it days of harmony and concord. Here, the ever-so governing ‘tick-tock’ is but a relic of history, blissfully otiose to the human consciousness. Days of halcyon supervene, engulfing the timeless world in a wildfire of symbolic invincibilityRead MoreOctavian, Anthony and Cleopatra: Propaganda and the ‘Myth of Actium1095 Words   |  5 Pagesscholars such as Murray question the impact that the re-instigation of games at Nikopolis and the extension of the temple of Apollo at Actium would have on the political situation in Rome, its emergence, however, seems to have occurred around 20 BC, a time at which Octavian Augustus has officially restored the Republic (27 BC) and resigned his position as consul, instead holding office as Tribune of the Plebs. The Augustan version of the battle of Actium is one that is displayed by the three passagesRead MoreSimilarities Between Julius Caesar And Gaius Marius855 Words   |  4 PagesGaius Marius throughout his military campaign in the War of 1812 as well as his presidency (1829 -1837). President Jackson’s unprecedented imprint upon American politics and the presidency has exposed viewers to analyze few similarities portrayed from both Julius Caesar and Gaius Marius. Although the similarities portrayed between President Jackson and Gaius Marius were immense, based on their executive power, the similarity between Julius Caesar and Andrew Jackson were substantially greater. ToRead MoreEssay On Julius Caesar928 Words   |  4 PagesAs the first Roman emperor (though he never claimed the title for himself), Augustus led Rome’s transformation from republic to empire during the tumultuous years following the assassination of his great-uncle and adoptive father Julius Caesar. He shrewdly combined military might, institution-building and lawmaking to become Rome’s sole ruler, laying the foundations of the 200-year Pax Romana (Roman Peace) and an empire that lasted, in various forms, for nearly 1,500 years. Ask HISTORY: What doesRead MoreWas The First Emperor Of Rome So A Good Thing?1214 Words   |  5 PagesAccording to many historians Augustus was not only the first emperor of Rome but also the greatest. During his long and impressive career Augustus dissolved the faulty governmental system of the Republic and created a new basis of Roman government that stood for three centuries. On his death bed Augustus was purported to have said: â€Å"Did I play my part well?† Through examination of his reforms of the Roman tax and legal system, as well as his role in creating the Pax Romana and a stable military itRead MoreWhy The Greeks Influenced Roman Culture1015 Words   |  5 PagesDear all, This is my homework (let s better call it personal research ) for this unit. I have combined my interests in archaeology and museum studies, and I have created an interdisciplinary report. Introduction How is culture transferred from place to place? Cultural transference occurs multi-directionally, because of: the circulation of people (e.g. via warfare and migration), the circulation of items (e.g. trade), or, other pathways of communication (e.g. diplomacy, dynasticRead MoreRoman Empire And Christian Art1539 Words   |  7 Pagesgrowing mystery in the cities of Rome. Constantine is often credited with primarily introducing and converting the Roman empire to follow the christian faith. His rule brought about the conversion of citizens from different social standings. His religious influence culturally enriched christian art, adding different styles to the works of the greco- roman world. Combining the early abstraction of christian art and diminishing the use of roman imperial realism. Constantine s faith in christianity was foundedRead MoreThe Roman Empire1469 Words   |  6 Pageswhat made the Romans so mighty was a blessing from God due to the outpouring revival of their hearts. However, to fully understand how their hearts were revived for Christ and how God had His hand on them we must take a look at the past of the Romans After many years of war and internal strife amongst leaders and the people the Roman government was on its path to peace. Rome suffered many struggles during its transition from City-States to Republic. Under the leadership of Octavian Caesar (1), HeRead MoreInteraction Between The Roman And Celtic Civilizations1343 Words   |  6 PagesEurope. The Celts consisted of a number of tribes that all spoke a similar common language as well as sharing common elements of culture and art but were not a cohesive group like the Romans or Egyptians. The Celts were widely spread through Europe from the British Isles to Galatia more commonly known today as Austria, Switzerland, southern France and Spain, these areas consisted of multiple different political organisations ruled by various leaders. North west Europe was inhabited by three main CelticRead MoreThe Conflict Between Christianity And The Roman Government Essay1115 Words   |  5 PagesWhen you think about Christianity, you don’ t think about it being a bad thing. Christianity is the religion derived from Jesus Christ, based on the Bible as sacred scripture, and professed by Eastern, Roman Catholic, and Protestant bodies. This religion came to be one of the largest and most influential religions today. When the Romans thought about Christianity, it was considered a sin. But what exactly was the nature of the conflict between Christianity and the Roman government? The conflict between

Functional Immunity Free Essays

This type of immunity arises from  customary international law  and  treaty law  and confers immunities on those performing acts of state (usually a foreign official). Any person who in performing an act of state commits a criminal offence is immune from prosecution. This is so even after the person ceases to perform acts of state. We will write a custom essay sample on Functional Immunity or any similar topic only for you Order Now Thus it is a type of immunity limited in the acts to which it attaches (acts of state) but will only end if the state itself ceases to exist. This type of immunity is based on respect for sovereign equality and state dignity. The offices usually recognised as attracting this immunity are Head of State or Head of Government, senior cabinet members, Foreign Minister, and Minister for Defence: see the  Arrest Warrant Case,Pinochet Case  (R v Bow Street Magistrates; ex parte Pinochet Ugarte (No 3)  [2000] 1 AC 147, House of Lords). Such officers are immune from prosecution for everything they do during their time in office. For example, an English court held that a warrant could not be issued for the arrest of  Robert Mugabe  on charges of international crimes on the basis that he was a presently serving Head of State at the time the proceedings were brought:  Mugabe, reported at (2004) 53 ICLQ 789. Other examples are the attempts to prosecute  Fidel Castro  in Spain and  Jiang Zemin  in the USA. However, the moment accused leaves office, they are liable to be prosecuted for crimes committed before or after their term in office, or for crimes committed whilst in office in a personal capacity (subject to jurisdictional requirements and local law). Pinochet  was only able to come to trial because Chile and the UK had both signed and ratified the UN Convention Against Torture through which such immunities were waived. It may be the case that personal immunity is itself being eroded. In 2004 the Appeals Chamber of the  Special Court for Sierra Leone  held that indicted Liberian president  Charles Taylor  could not invoke his Head of State immunity to resist the charges against him, even though he was an incumbent Head of State at the time of his indictment. However, this reasoning was based on the construction of the court’s constituent statute, that dealt with the matter of indicting state officials. In any case, Taylor had ceased to be an incumbent Head of State by the time of the court’s decision so the arresting authorities would have een free to issue a fresh warrant had the initial warrant been overturned. Nevertheless, this decision may signal a changing direction in international law on this issue. Recent developments in international law suggest that this type of immunity, whilst it may be available as a defence to prosecution for local or domestic crimes or civil liability, is not a defence to an international crime. (International crimes include  crimes against humanity,  war crimes, and  genocide). This has developed in the jurisprudence of the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia, particularly in the  Karadzic,  Milosevic, and  Furundzija  cases (though care should be taken when considering ICTY jurisprudence due to its  Ad-hoc  nature). This was also the agreed position as between the parties in their pleadings in the  International Court of Justice  Case Concerning the Arrest Warrant of 11 April 2000 (Democratic Republic of the Congo v. Belgium). The reasons commonly given for why this immunity is not available as a defense to international crimes is straight forward: (1) that is genocide, war crimes and crimes against humanity are not acts of state. Criminal acts of the type in question are committed by human actors, not states; and (2) we cannot allow the  jus cogens  nature of international crimes, i. e. the fact that they are  non-derogable  norms, to be eroded by immunities. However, the final judgment of the ICJ regarding immunity may have thrown the existence of such a rule limiting functional immunities into doubt. See in this respect the criticism of the ICJ’s approach by Wouters, Cassese and Wirth among others, though some such as Bassiouni claim that the ICJ affirmed the existence of the rule. Regarding claims based on the idea that a senior state official committing International crimes can never be said to be acting officially, as Wouters notes â€Å"This argument, however, is not waterproof since it ignores the sad reality that in most cases those crimes are precisely committed by or with the support of high-ranking officials as part of a state’s policy, and thus can fall within the scope of official acts. Academic opinion on the matter is divided and indeed only the future development of International Customary law, possibly accelerated by states exercising  universal jurisdiction  over retired senior state officials, will be able to confirm whether state sovereignty has now yielded partially to internationally held human rights values. In November 2007, French prosecutors refused to press charges against former US Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld for torture and other alleged crimes committed during the course of the US invasion of Iraq, on the grounds that heads of state enjoyed official immunity under customary international law, and they further claimed that the immunity exists after the official has left office. [1] How to cite Functional Immunity, Papers

Strong System of Communication Organization - MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Strong System of Communication Organization. Answer: Introduction: The board structure of Tokyo Electric Power Company was a tall structure which hindered communication of crucial information. This was evident from the opinion provided by Mr Katsumaat, the Chairman and Mr Muto and Mr Takekuro, Vice Presidents. They informed that they were not provided information about the tsunami forecasts which could have allowed them to take necessary risk management actions to minimize the losses to resources, environment and employment when the three reactors melted due to the wave surges. This board of TEPCO consisted of corruptive executives who tried to distort facts of accidents due to the tsunami and explosions of the reactors. Thus, the corruptive and bureaucratic nature of the board of TEPCO was largely responsible for the accidents. The official website of Tokyo Electric Power Company speaks a great deal about its corporate governance measures which is contrary to its actual practices revealing its gross irresponsibility in the areas of corporate social responsibilities. The company did not take any initiative in spite of having information about the approaching tsunami. This resulted in immense environmental damage when three reactors melted and radioactive elements forced the occupants of a nearby hospital relocate to escape the radiation. This lack of risk management in the company and concern for employees was evident in the apex management reluctance in mandating safety wear for them. These facts clearly reveals that company had no genuine responsibilities towards its internal stakeholders, employees and apex management and external stakeholders, the society in general (tepco.co.jp, 2018). One can advise the chairman of TEPCO to enforce a strong system of communication within the organization. This would enable sharing crucial information like natural calamities and enable the company to take appropriate measures to minimize the risks due to them. The managers should ensure that the employees wear safety equipment like gloves and masks while working on site. References:. Fukushima 3/2/16:Ex-TEPCO Execs Indicted; Failure To Follow Meltdown Manual; Population Decline. (2018).YouTube. Retrieved 28 March 2018, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qXXc6eT1cPolist=PLtVcoUQxU1--i7xup9k7MYCaxC1ti5V_F#action=share TEPCO : TEPCO. (2018).Tepco.co.jp. Retrieved 28 March 2018, from https://www.tepco.co.jp/en/index-e.html

Talent Management

Introduction Organisations require human resources with different expertise, talents and experiences to develop an orchestrate team; globalization has facilitated movement of labour across borders to the benefit of firms (Berger Berger, 2003).Advertising We will write a custom article sample on Talent Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More To benefit from free movement of labour, firms need to implement human resources management policies that can nature, develop and effectively tap human talents. The article by Burbach Royle, 2010, called Talent on Demand, discusses how talents can be managed within multinational companies. This paper discusses the main points brought about by the article. Talent management â€Å"Talent management as a corporate area of focus has been building steadily† (Burbach Royle, 2010). Talent management can be defined as a complex human resources management process where the human resources team develop measures and policies that facilitated in tapping human beings intellectual property. Globalisation has increased competition in modern business to a notch higher, companies need to improve their processes and products as well as innovate better processes and products. This can be done through the utilization of intellectualism and talents that a company has. Talent is seen as method of developing competitiveness within an organisation with an edge that other companies may not reach (Berger Berger, 2003). As much as talent management is a role played by human resources departments, it calls for collaboration of top and line managers to establish, develop and tap their human resources talents. On page 418, Burbach Royle are of the opinion that talent development is influenced by cultural and societal dissimilarities that human resources operate in, they discuss the differences in talent management approach in Germany and Ireland.Advertising Looking for article on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More To manage effectively talents, an organisation should start by understanding the current strategies and processes and how they support talent management, with the understanding, they will be able to tap talents from entry level, nature, develop and retain them to the benefit of the organisation. When a talent has been developed, there should be effective passing out mechanism so as the benefits of the talents can benefit an entire organisation. A well-planned development assists the company to nurture, develop and retain employees with talents in the company. To facilitate talent development, knowledge development cannot be ignored; knowledge and talents are intangible assets, which are unique to different business and can be improved with experience and information interpolation (Burbach Royle, 2010). â€Å"Theoretically, global HRIS’s can play a key role in gathering a nd analysing talent management information and can be used to underpin the talent management process (Burbach Royle 2010, p.426). Discuss the issues relating to the use of HRIS’s in the global talent management system at Meddevco. Include some discussion of the outcomes resulting from these difficulties/issues. A number of issues face global HRIS talent management programs, the issues are at global, national and organisational level, they include: Resistance from international community For an effective HRIS talent management program, whether at Meddevco or any other country, the programs require support from international bodies and community. However there have been resistance and denied support by the community to support programs. An example is the resistance from European Union. Effects of domestic country local cultures Through at Meddevco the centralized control and reinforcement center is seen as the central point for management of talents, the success of the program has been affected by domestic policies and local culture. Psychological and emotional supports are necessary for an effective talent management program; however, this has been hard to come by.Advertising We will write a custom article sample on Talent Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Lack of management support Management has the role of establishing and growing talents within their organisations; they should implement policies that facilitate the emergence, growth, development and maturity of talents within their organizations. However, they have looked down the exercise and programs set by HRIS, the majority of managers at Meddevco are of the believe that talent management is another function of the human resources managers; they fail to realize in itself is an expensive task that needs special attention. When they leave the task to the human resources management alone, the success of the programs is likely to fail. Global and micro-political relationships When developing a global talent management program, some political issues that affect the development. Some countries are not willing to let their countries potential be shared with the world. Some countries like the United States feel they need to preserve their talents, this is seen as political and power building structures. When HRIS programs are faced with different issues as illustrated, the management of talents is limited to national and regional levels. At this rate, the potential that the world has is lost; the rate at which a country or company uses resources efficiently is reduced (Burbach Royle, 2010). Conclusion Globalisation has facilitated movement of labour across boundaries; the more human resources an economy has, the more talents it has. Personnel’s have different talents and capabilities; however, tapping these intellectual assets requires strategic human resources management policies that can nature, develops, an d manage talents. References Berger, A. Berger, D. (2003).The talent management handbook: creating organizational excellence by identifying, developing, and promoting your best people. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Burbach, R., Royle, T. ( 2010).Talent on demand: Talent management in the German and Irish subsidiaries of a US multinational corporation. Journal of Public Relations, 36,(4), 414-430.Advertising Looking for article on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This article on Talent Management was written and submitted by user Seamus Beck to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

US National Debt essays

US National Debt essays "Spending financed not by current tax receipts, but by borrowing or drawing upon past tax reserves." Is it a good idea? Why does the U.S. run a deficit? Since 1980 the deficit has grown enormously. Some say it is a bad thing, and predict impending doom, others say it is a safe and stable necessity to maintain a healthy economy. For nearly 150 years the U.S. government managed to keep a balanced budget. The only time a budget deficit existed during these years was in times of war or other catastrophic events. For instance, the government created deficits during the War of 1812, the recession of 1837, the Civil War, the depression of the 1890s, and World War I. However, once each incident ended the deficit would be eliminated. The economy was much stronger than the accumulated debt and would therefore quickly absorb it. The last time the budget ran a surplus was in 1969 during Nixon's presidency. Budget deficits have grown larger and more frequent in the last half-century. In the 19 80s they soared to record levels. The government cut income tax rates, greatly increased defense spending, and didn't cut domestic spending enough to make up the difference. The deep recession of the early 1980s reduced revenues, raising the deficit and forcing the Government to spend much more on paying interest for the national debt at a time when interest rates were high. As a result, the national debt grew exponentially in size after 1980. It grew from $709 billion to $3.3 trillion in 1990, only one decade later. (See Table 1) Federal spending has grown over the years. If you compare actual dollars and their proportion to the economy (Gross Domestic Product, or GDP), much of it began in the 1930s. Beginning with the "New Deal", the Federal Government came to play a much larger role in American life. President Franklin D. Roosevelt sought to use the full powers of his office to end the Great Depression. He and Congress greatly expanded Federal prog...

Creative writing Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Creative writing - Term Paper Example Now 32, he has talked to Carla about starting a family. She finds the thought appealing, but wonders what things the couple should know before having a baby. They decide to consult her family doctor for advice. Starting a family is a major life step for any couple, and understanding and having reasonable expectations can make it a very happy and joyous experience. Frankly, there are some things in our lives that are not very healthy. Think about your pregnancy like a recipe that has steps that are very important, as a matter of fact, some of the steps are critical. Those critical steps are stages during your pregnancy that directly impact your baby. If you make wise decisions and change just a few aspects of your lifestyle now, there will not be any problems during the pregnancy. Now, there are some very basic things to understand about a pregnancy that are totally out of our control. Your body is made up of over 30,000 Genes that basically determine things like eye color and hair color. They also can determine if the baby is going to have a certain disease, like Down syndrome or Cystic Fibrosis. These genes and what they do are called Heredity Factors. Both parents contribute to the genes that the baby will have, and help determine how important those Heredity Factors are. There are tests that can help determine that the baby is going to be healthy, but we cannot change the baby’s genes and how they affect their development. There are things that directly affect the baby, these are called environmental factors. The environmental factors are things that we live with every day, and unlike the Heredity Factors, we can change our environmental factors. A good example of an environmental factor that can and should change is Anthony’s chemical exposure at his work. Anytime Anthony sprays or mixes a chemical he uses, he exposes himself to small trace amounts of those chemicals that he

William A. Shea and His Impact on New York Research Paper

William A. Shea and His Impact on New York - Research Paper Example He was honored by naming the stadium after him, and the team New York Mets played in the stadium for approximately 45 years (Wade 150). Shea had immense political connections as well as money in New York City, he weathered the pressure from the major league owners to come up with the third league after the Giants and Dodgers moved on. William Shea made significant contributions on the New York through making the Continental league a reality in the City. Moreover, Shea was revered for introducing a junior league that promoted the growth of talent in Baseball. Besides his career as a lawyer and huge interests in Baseball. Shea was involved in philanthropic activities. This paper discusses William A. Shea and his contributions toward New York. Discussion William A. Shea was born in Washington Heights in Manhattan on June 21, 1907. Shea attended various public schools after which he studied at New York University on a sports scholarship for basketball. Later, he transferred on another sp orts scholarship to Georgetown University. In 1931, Shea was admitted to the bar at District of Columbia after which he joined the New York bar (Margolick). While in New York University, Georgetown University and Harvard Law School, Shea had a huge interest in Basketball and was a team member in these institutions. Shea graduated from the Harvard law school and worked for insurance bureaucracies after which he entered into private practice. As a lawyer, Shea garnered political influence by working voluntarily on influential boards in Brooklyn. In his legal career, Shea was a lawyer who was trusted by powerful men due to his efficiency (Margolick). Career as a Lawyer Shea held close ties with political bigwigs although he never held an elective office (Margolick). Moreover, Shea was on numerous occasions cited bragging that he had never practiced his profession in a conventional sense. Nevertheless, his career, which spanned for a period of five decades, was a period when Shea became a confidant of mayors, governors and corporate chieftains. These ties enabled him to build Shea & Gould, which is New York’s most influential and largest law firm. Shea and Gould clients included the Apple, The Mets and The Yankees among others. For a large part of his career, Shea maneuvered around banquet halls and boardrooms and was only brought to a public role when the New York Mayor enlisted his help to return the league to its glory (Margolick). Shea obtained New York’s baseball franchise via a combination of street smarts, threats, bluffs and charm that he was particularly suited in given his career as a lawyer, and not as a zealous sports fan. Moreover, his credentials may have been ridden with official appointments, encomiums, affiliations and awards but they omitted his important attribute of bringing people’s interests together (Margolick). Caliendo(2010, 18) highlights that Shea was a power broker with huge experience and spent 40 years turning sit uations facing bankers, realtors, underwriters corporate heads, cement barons, sports impresarios and politicians into profitable cases. Moreover, Shea was labeled as the unofficial chairperson of the unofficial government, who had spent a significant part of his career laboring quietly in political twilight between the public good and private interest. Shea had survived many regimes at the Shea Stadium from the reign of Casey Stengel to the reign of Bud Harrelson and during the opening days of the leagues, he presented a flowery horseshoe to the manager as Mets. Similarly, he survived many political vicissitudes during his career at the City Hall. He became a close confidant of Mayors John Lindsay, Abraham Beame