Ann Taylor External Analysis Free Essays

How is the business organized? The business could be characterized a claim to fame retailer affix store which concentrates to a particular sort of client or conveys specific kind of products. Areas Discounted mass merchandisers: huge chains , Multitier retail establishments: offering a huge assortment of products, including apparel. Claim to fame store chains: those obliging a particular sort of client or conveying a specific kind of good. We will compose a custom paper test on Ann Taylor External Analysis or on the other hand any comparable theme just for you Request Now Market Size and Growth The National Retail Federation revealed that the retail specialties indicating the more prominent development were retail establishments, stores taking into account the high school offspring of children of post war America, and attire anchors intended to ladies more than 35. The business retail industry is enormous yet the strength retailer is little. $45. 9 billion of complete $108. 7 billion women’s garments buys in 2009. Significant firms are detailing down deals during the past quarters. Monetary of Scale Fouth firms ruled the business, which show that enormous firms have a bit of leeway and financial of scales are available. To appreciate monetary of scales claim to fame retail locations make use brand augmentation to interest various fragments (creation) promotion brand extension (showcasing) Vertical Integration Some of the greater style organizations are vertically coordinated with their line of creation in order to have the option to abbreviate creation cycle and have the option to adjust to the current interest just as consumer loyalty. Coordinated assembling, dispersion and retail together, with each progression of the procedure done in-house and not answering on redistributing. From planning and advertising, texture stockpiling to stockroom dissemination and retail, Level of Product Differentiation Unlike retail chains that sell a wide range of kinds of items for some sorts of clients, claim to fame retailers center around one kind of item thing and offer numerous assortments of that thing. Continually searching for new sections which can make a marking issue. The item separation is low on the grounds that the item can be produce by different firms. Organizations need to contend in cost. These predominant monetary characteristics show that the structure of this industry is hard to gain a positive pay on the grounds that is a little industry section and is commanded by enormous firms. What sorts of serious powers are grinding away? Danger of new contestants †low * Is anything but difficult to enter in the retail business however hard in strength retail. Greater part of stores are chain stores. Their vertical structure and brought together purchasing gives chain stores an upper hand over autonomous retailers. On the off chance that an organization has a patent for an item is hard to enter to the business. Dealing intensity of purchasers †moderate * The business sells straightforwardly to clients, devours are allowed to shop anyplace yet there a couple of options. This makes the business increasingly alluring. Haggling intensity of providers †low * Specialty retail locations are fragmented and providers can impact value, quality, and terms. Is a little piece of an entire industry, if supplies concluded that the section doesn't speak to a noteworthy portion of its business they can apply power. Clothing stores are known to have a more excellent norm, if providers don’t satisfy this guideline they could get dropped from their line. Danger of substitutes †low * Clothing is basic known as the essential requirement for human life. It is a sort of need and is elusive substitutes to supplant the capacity. Fundamentally, clothing items are no major diverse in nature, yet the principle separation may originate from the brands. In this way, the treat of substitutes appears not a significant factor. Power of contention †high * There are a great deal of brands existing in the market. They attempt to separate themselves so as to discover their specialty and abatement rivalry, however in any case in each specialty there are 3-5 direct contenders of various size, yet in certain areas there are just 1-2 firms thus these areas are very appealing to the new contestants. Rivalry basically dependent on the client picture that firm made and quality, cost is the subsequent thing. Web based business additionally powers rivalry since it genuinely expands accessibility of the item in any area. Worth Net * Target a big name that is known to product claim to fame items. Join forces with a magazine who target ladies more than 35 however they were extravagance garments. Join forces with other excellent items like vehicles and telephones. Is an outrageous serious industry and there are scarcely any supplements that would give alternatives to grow the size of the market. What powers are driving change? Extravagance design spending was up 35 % in 2010, while standard style increased 8 % in general. +, Great development of office stores+, 2009 more terrible Christmas season produce a flood of retail terminations among some notable brands. - , 2008 women’s garments retailer had felt downturn and lost clients and cause customers to curtail buys. - , Customer had demonstrated an unmistakable inclination for select very good quality attire ready to pay a premium on something that conveys luxury+ Spending in esteemed situated stores has been steady China compensation increment were causing swelling in stock assembling. Throughout the following not many days will be uncommon for strength clothing retailer to come back to its chronicled degree of productivity. †Over all the patterns appear to be negative making the business progressively comperative. 4. Which opponents are firmly situated and which are definitely not? What key moves are equals prone to make straightaway? Ann Taylor ANN History: Since 1954, Ann Taylor has been the closet hotspot for occupied, socially upscale ladies, and the great fundamental dark dress. , Contained two division sections: AT and LOFT, In 1998 Ann Taylor made the Ann Taylor Factory, 2000 online store was propelled. Objectives: improving productivity while upgrading the two brands. Reestablishing execution at the Ann Taylor division and. Reestablishing the force at LOFT. Execution: the stock reacted with new highs, moving to a pinnacle of over $40 in late 2006, however the stock value withdrew in 2007 and 2008. Toward the finish of 2010 the fourth quarter results showed deals had bounced 10 % from 2009 and albeit net edges tumbled to 51. 7 % from 52. 5 per year early procuring per share had about quadrupled. Has endure supervisor turnover Next Move: increment traffic to the Ann Taylor brand and future improving the brand understanding. Improving the LOFT brand stores channel and keep on exploiting the potencial o the on the web and outlet channels. Putting resources into the development of internet business channel. Revamping stores to build efficiency. Execute innovation for stock Talbot TLB History: Acquired J. Jill bunch in 2006 †claim to fame retailer offering easygoing style through multichannel focusing on ladies age 35 to 55 and Talbot focusing on ladies age 45 to 65. Chosen to sell J. Jill in 2009 in the wake of retailing’s â€Å"abysmal occasion season† They have issues coordinating the two firms They we enduring with stock that was too â€Å"mature† Goals: Brand s target high-pay, school instructed proficient more than 35. Execution: Sales dropped in 2010 by 1. 6 percent, yet on the web and direct deals had increment 9. 8 to 6. 7. President was exhausting that the web channels would start development. Stock turnover 4. 87 and working edge - 1. 31 Next Move: Implement innovation for stock. Open new channels for dissemination. Focus on an alternate specialty 6. What are the key components for future achievement? The basic prerequisites to contend in this industry are: * Maintain quality in stock blend: Requires right item blend, And likewise increment the stock turnover proportion, Requires to keep awake with design patterns * Remarkable client support: Quick reaction to clients, And give additional consideration to customers’ needs * Control stock: Keep stock in 3 value lines spending plan, off cost and moderate. Make a PC framework to keep up control of stock and improve profitability * Marketing: Established a perceived brand. Investigate various specialties markets Create diverse dissemination channels 7. Is the business appealing? All in all the retail business is absence of substitutes, simple to section, the deal intensity of purchasers is high and for providers moderately low. In general, the engaging quality of the business is very good. | Local/regional| National/global| New entrant| yes| Established firm| yes| Instructions to refer to Ann Taylor External Analysis, Essay models

Reaction Paper Ten Commandments free essay sample

Film Paper: I am Sam We live in a general public where media depicts a lot of data regularly. Films, TV appears, recordings, web and so forth all suit with depicting the data all around the globe. The benefit of media is that it can instruct watchers with all the diverse sort of data however it can likewise depict bogus fancies particularly when managing individuals with an inability. For this film paper, I picked the film I am Sam. Its an awesome film about an intellectually hallenged man who has the ability to instruct others that affection is actually all you need. The Diagnosis Many judgments are being depicted in this film, for example, mental hindrance and chemical imbalance. Sam Dawson the hero of the film is man who has a psychological inability who has a brain of a multi year old. He is a single parent to his little girl Lucy; the mother was destitute and relinquished Sam and Lucy directly after she was conceived. We will compose a custom exposition test on Response Paper: Ten Commandments or then again any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Regardless of his psychological test, Sam had the option to execute an adoring and thinking about Lucy with the assistance of his neighbor Annie. Be that as it may, when Lucy turned 7 her ability of information was a lot more noteworthy than her dads and she was removed by youngster benefits and is put to an encourage home. This wound up being a care fight in the court, Sam contended energetically to get care for his own little girl. Because of the way that he works at star bucks, he couldnt bear the cost of a legal advisor, anyway he despite everything figured out how to discover a lawyer who will speak to him free (for nothing out of pocket). There are numerous dysfunctions appeared all through the film. As Sams little girl Lucy was getting more established, she was allocated more earnestly books to peruse with words that Sam couldnt read. Film PAPER: I AM SAM Therefore, Lucy imagined as though she cannot peruse those words too on the grounds that she doesnt need to be more brilliant than her father. She realized that he was extraordinary, dislike different fathers. Sam and Lucy have a convention to go to HOP Wednesday evenings, when they choose to switch things up a piece and go to a better place; Sam causes an unsettling influence since he can't get the French hotcakes that he is accustomed to having at HOP, something a kid would do. During preliminary he couldnt be not kidding and truly demonstrated that his scholarly limit is of a multi year old. He additionally experienced mental imbalance and his discourse was constrained and he had definitely no theoretical reasoning. Sadock and Sadock states that the conclusion for mental imbalance are shortfalls in language advancement and trouble utilizing language to convey (Sadock, 2010). I accept that the film depicted the confusion precisely, it was clear for the watchers to see that Sam experienced a formative handicap. The manner in which he talked, chuckled, and acted was all proof to his inability. The manner in which he spoke with his girl as though they were two children. Every one of his companions around him were experiencing a psychological inability too. There was a scene in the film when Lucy fled from kid administrations to her dad and revealed to him that they let her go to the recreation center with him, just a person with a confusion can really accept that. The true data matches the fiction in the film intently. Sam had

Alternative Travel

Alternative Travel Hey guys, So for many students living in the suburbs or the city like myself, the typical routes home consist of either a car ride or a bus ride back. However, I have found that in the last three years, taking the Amtrak train home is not only a more comfortable ride, but often times a fair priced one too. You dont even have to use it for just traveling back home, either. For instance, my girlfriend and I are taking the Amtrak into the city as I write. We bought the tickets a few days in advance and got a deal on them, and the trip is no longer than a bus or car ride. My friends and I take trips to the city like this every so often during the weekends. Its a nice break from classes that doesnt involve the often complicated exchange for gas money or trying to find seats on a bus together. And the most convient part of it all is that the train station is located right on the edge of downtown Champaign, at the Illinois Terminal. At the terminal there are a lot of buses students can take thatll take you all over the Champaign-Urbana area, including campus, which means when students come back from home, they wont have to drag their luggage all over town to get back. I hope you guys can benefit from this so you too can go visit your families on the holidays or just hang out with your friends in Chicago. Until next time, Kenny Kenny Class of 2016 I’m in the Creative Writing program in the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences. I’m originally from Tampa, Florida, but I’ve been calling Illinois my home since 1998. I’ve lived all over the Northwest suburbs, from Palatine to Lakemoor to where I currently live back home, Mundelein.

Newest Iteration Of HTML5 - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1932 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2017/09/25 Category Information Systems Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? HTML5 HTML 5 is the newest iteration of HTML, the basic language of the Web. HTML 5 will replace both current versions, HTML 4. 01 and XHTML 1. 0 and  DOM Level 2 HTML   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Before discussing HTML 5, you should be familiar with the basics of how to write HTML code. HTML is very easy to get the hang of, and once youre excellent with writing code in standards-compliant XHTML and also find the new features of HTML 5 to be very easy to implement. Html5 defines the 5 major revision of core language of the world wide web. html5 is combination of new features are introduces for helping to web authors. New features are adding based on research authority practices special thing was defining  clear. In  rich internet application to reduce the need for property plug. Example of ria is adobe flash and Microsoft Silverlight  the rules and regulations of w3c time table html5 will reach the standards by late 2010 . html5 is coming with a lot of new attributes and elemen ts for using the modern web service. it  also perform web form 2. 0. Html5 specifies scripting programming interfaces. Such as   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Drag and drop Timed media play back Document editing Cross document managing Micro data Browser history management. HTML 5 makes familiar lot of the coding practices that were used in earlier versions of HTML It aims to reduce the need for proprietary plug-in-based rich internet application (RIA) technologies such as Adobe Flash, Microsoft Silverlight, and Sun JavaFX. HTML 5 also simplifies code by getting rid of elements that have fallen out of use or proved to be unhelpful. Because of an array of browser problems, frames will no longer be allowed, and because style sheets handle style better than HTML tags, presentational tags like ;font;, ;centre; and ;strike; will no longer be valid. WS-Security A flexible and feature-rich extension to  SOAP  to apply security to  Web services  is  WS-Security  (Web Services Security, short WSS). This was published by  OASIS  and it is a member of the  WS-* family of web service specifications. Three main mechanisms are described by  WS-Security: * How to sign SOAP messages to assure integrity. Signed messages provide also  non-repudiation. * How to encrypt SOAP messages to assure confidentiality. * How to attach security tokens. A variety of signature formats, encryptions algorithms and multiple trust domains is allowed by this specification, and is open to various security token models, such as: * X. 09 certificates * Kerberos tickets * UserID/Password credentials * SAML-Assertion * Custom defined token The security features in the header of a SOAP message, working in the  application layer  was incorporated by WS-Security. To accommodate a wide variety of security models and security technologies this specification can be used in conjunction with other Web service extensions and higher-level application-specific protocols. The typical SOAP use ca se with a communication between trusted peers (using HTTPS) does not need WS-Security at all. It is described in  Alternative, and reduces complexity and improves performance. If a SOAP intermediary is required, and the intermediary is not or less trusted, messages need to be signed and optionally encrypted. This might be the case of an application level proxy at a network perimeter that will terminate TCP connections. The standard method for  non-repudiation  is to write transactions to an audit trail that is subject to specific security safeguards. However, if the audit trail is not sufficient, digital signatures may provide a better method to enforce non-repudiation. WS-Security can provide this. lthough almost all SOAP services implement HTTP bindings, in theory other bindings such as JMS or SMTP could be used; in this case end-to-end security would be required. Even if the web service relies upon transport layer security, it might be required for the service to know about the end user, if the service is relayed by a (HTTP-) reverse proxy. A WSS-header could be used to convey the end users token, vouched for by the reverse proxy. Issues * If end-to-end security is required, a protocol like  WS-SecureConversation  may reduce the overhead. The merging of several XML-schemata like SOAP, SAML, XML ENC, XML SIG might cause dependencies on different versions of library functions like canonicalization and parsing, that are difficult to manage in an application server. Performance WS-Security adds significant overhead to SOAP-processing due to the increased size of the message on the wire, XML and cryptographic processing, requiring faster CPUs and more memory and bandwidth. An evaluation in 2005  [1]  measured 25 types of SOAP messages of different size and complexity processed by WSS4J with both WS-Security and WS-Secure Conversation on a Pentium 4/2,8 GHz CPU. Some findings were: * Encryption was faster than signing * Encryption and signi ng together were 2-7 times slower than signing alone and produced significantly bigger documents. * Depending on the type of message, WS-Secure Conversation either made no difference or reduced processing time by half in the best case. * It took less than 10 milliseconds to sign or encrypt up to an array of 100 kilo bytes, but it took about 100~200 to perform the security operations for SOAP. Alternative In point-to-point situations  confidentiality  and  data integrity  can also be enforced on Web services through the use of  Transport Layer Security  (TLS), for example, by sending messages over  https. WS-Security however addresses the wider problem of maintaining integrity and confidentiality of messages until after a message was sent from the originating node, providing so called  end to end security. Applying TLS can significantly reduce the overhead involved by removing the need to encode keys and message signatures into  XML  before sending. A challe nge in using TLS would be if messages needed to go through an application level  proxy server, as it would need to be able to see the request for routing. In such an example, the server would see the request coming from the proxy, not the client; this could be worked around by having the proxy have a copy of the clients key and certificate, or by having a signing certificate trusted by the server, with which it could generate a key/certificate pair matching those of the client. However, as the proxy is operating on the message, it does not ensure end-to-end security, but only ensures point-to-point security. Web design best  practices The WWW is a network of computers all over the world. The WWW is also called the Web. The computers on the Web communicate using standard protocols and languages. The W3C (The World Wide Web Consortium) are making the rules and standards for the Web. Generally we  Ã‚   found that some web sites are fairly easy to use while others look difficul t or just plain annoying. What makes the difference of good and the bad? Including your personal preferences, your web site should be designed to appeal to your target audience — the people who will use your web site. They may be teens, shoppers, college students, young couples etc. Beginners design web sites that work great on their own computers but may not work well on target audience. We have to remember some points for Smart and Successful Web-development:  a. Develop your own ideas in your own style. b. Avoid ambiguity and be clear c. Never compromise in principles d. Support the project e. Respect the standards and target audience. Write your pages for multiple types of Web browsersto provide  trouble-free access  to the widest possible audience. The World Wide Web is a multi-platform, non-browser specific medium. It is not important matter whether people browse your Web pages using Netscape, Explorer, Opera, Lynx, WebTV, Net Phonic’s Web-On-Call, Mo bile Telephones, or Personal Digital Assistants. Each browser ought to render your informational Web pages without problems. If a Web page is designed properly, blind individuals, or anyone using text-to-voice or Braille displays, can easily listen to and review your work. Run Web pages through a valuator to test their  compliance  with common HTML (Hypertext Mark-up Language) specifications. Modify pages until they validate, because compliant pages have a better chance of being rendered by various Web browsers, as the writer intends. However, if you intend something that is impractical with HTML, it will be no less impractical for being syntactically valid. Work with the strengths of HTML rather than trying to batter it into a WYSIWYG page design system Cloud computing Cloud computing is a technology used to access service offered on the internet cloud. Everything an information system has to offer is provided by service so users can access that services available on the â€Å"internet cloud† without has any known-how on managing the resource involved. The term cloud is used a metaphor for internet cloud computing generally combinations are as follows Infra structure as service, Plat form as a service, Software as a service cloud computing is different with grid, utility, of computing. CLOUD ANTONY: There are three types of services mainly in cloud Antony there are application services are like gmail pay roll second one is platform services are like middle wave, managing, third one is infrastructure services like amazon. Cloud computing types: there are three types of cloud computing public clouds, private clouds, hybrid clouds. Public clouds: these clouds are used by general public the firewall already exists and the vendor having availability to fully hosted and managed. Now a days public clouds are large scale infrastructure and retail bases. Dynamically public clouds update the elements with effect the business. Private clouds:  Ã ‚   private clouds are only with limited organisation. When private cloud are compare to the public only operating cost is reduced. And managed by enter prize only. Organisation is more secure. Private clouds investment and cost might be exceed public clouds. Cloud computing architecture: There are five types of layers in cloud computing. The primary layer clients in this layer different types of clients in organization having set separate computing. Second layer is services wt type of services needs to the clients and applications for adding some items or removing these things happening in application layer development. The entire thing of date is stored in this layer. layers Conclusion In my overall report i explained html5, cloud computing, security and scalability in website and web best practice. After the research i came to know that everything is linked with each other for the developing a better website. References https://www. ehow. com/way_5368790_html-tutorial. html#ix zz0qW64UULj When will HTML5 be finished? . WHATWG. WHATWG Wiki. Retrieved 2009-09-10. https://www. html5reference. com/tutorial/index. pdf https://www. ehow. com/way_5368790_html-tutorial. html H^  [whatwg] WHAT open mailing list announcement. Lists. whatwg. org. Retrieved 2010-03-04. HTML 5: A vocabulary and associated APIs for HTML and XHTML. . World Wide Web Consortium. Retrieved 2009-01-28. HTML 5: A vocabulary and associated APIs for HTML and XHTML (Editors Draft). . World Wide Web Consortium. Retrieved 2010-04- ^  When will HTML5 be finished? . WHATWG. WHATWG Wiki. Retrieved 2009-09-10 . ^  HTML Working Group. W3. org. Retrieved 2010-03-04.   HTML 5. W3. org. 2009-08-25. Retrieved 2010-03-04. ^  [whatwg] HTML5 at Last Call (at the WHATWG) ^ Hongbin Liu, Shrideep Pallickara, Geoffrey Fox: Performance of Web Services Security ^ Francois Lascelles, Aaron Flint: WS Security Performance. Secure Conversation versus the X509 Profile Retrieved from https://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/WS-Security Categories: Web service specifications | Computer security software | XML-based standards | End-to-end security Hidden categories: All articles with unsourced statements | Articles with unsourced statements from January 2010 https://blogs. dnet. com/Hinchcliffe/? p=488;tag=btxcsim https://blogs. zdnet. com/Howlett/? p=558;tag=btxcsim https://blogs. zdnet. com/BTL/? p=9560;tag=btxcsim https://www. businessweek. com/technology/content/aug2008/tc2008082_445669_page_3. htm https://www. ibm. com/developerworks/websphere/techjournal/0904_amrhein/0904_amrhein. html https://cloudcomputing. sys-con. com/ https://www. masternewmedia. org/news/2006/03/25/web_design_and_development_top. htm https://webdevfoundations. net/5e/chapter5. html https://www. w3schools. com/web/default. asp Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Newest Iteration Of HTML5" essay for you Create order

Rome s Transformation From Republic - 1584 Words

As the first Roman emperor (though he never claimed the title), Augustus led Rome’s transformation from republic to empire during the chaotic years following the assassination of his great-uncle and adoptive father Julius Caesar. Augustus became one of Rome’s greatest leaders and he established the principate, the form of government under which Rome ruled its empire for many years. HISTORICAL CONTEXT Caesar Augustus, was born Gaius Julius Octavius in Rome, Italy and was alive from 63 BC - AD 14. Augustus’ father, also called Gaius Octavius, was the governor of Macedonia, and his mother was the niece of Julius Caesar. Octavian grew up in the village of Velletri, near Rome. His father died when he was just four years old and his mother remarried, but Augustus was sent to be raised by his grandmother Julia Caesar, Julius Caesar s sister. Many significant events occurred throughout this period of time in Rome and the surrounding regions. During the years of his birth, Rome was on an expansionist route, constantly building expanding their vast empire. This is evident with conquering of Syria in 62B.C. Also at this time, Rome was still a republic governed by elected officials. Furthermore the first triumvirate, (a political regime dominated by three powerful individuals, each called Triumvirs) was established over Rome in 60 B.C by Caesar, Crassus and Pompey. This in many ways contributed to the fall of the Roman Empire as this illegitimate use of power was very unsustainableShow MoreRelatedAnalysis : The A Tick Tock 1730 Words   |  7 PagesImagine, if you will, a society in which time has no clout, dominion, or sway. As you peer from the edge of today and into the bleak personifications of history - that is the unwelcoming Ancient Roman Empire – a delicate gleam weaves its way through the obscurity: be it days of harmony and concord. 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Functional Immunity Free Essays

This type of immunity arises from  customary international law  and  treaty law  and confers immunities on those performing acts of state (usually a foreign official). Any person who in performing an act of state commits a criminal offence is immune from prosecution. This is so even after the person ceases to perform acts of state. We will write a custom essay sample on Functional Immunity or any similar topic only for you Order Now Thus it is a type of immunity limited in the acts to which it attaches (acts of state) but will only end if the state itself ceases to exist. This type of immunity is based on respect for sovereign equality and state dignity. The offices usually recognised as attracting this immunity are Head of State or Head of Government, senior cabinet members, Foreign Minister, and Minister for Defence: see the  Arrest Warrant Case,Pinochet Case  (R v Bow Street Magistrates; ex parte Pinochet Ugarte (No 3)  [2000] 1 AC 147, House of Lords). Such officers are immune from prosecution for everything they do during their time in office. For example, an English court held that a warrant could not be issued for the arrest of  Robert Mugabe  on charges of international crimes on the basis that he was a presently serving Head of State at the time the proceedings were brought:  Mugabe, reported at (2004) 53 ICLQ 789. Other examples are the attempts to prosecute  Fidel Castro  in Spain and  Jiang Zemin  in the USA. However, the moment accused leaves office, they are liable to be prosecuted for crimes committed before or after their term in office, or for crimes committed whilst in office in a personal capacity (subject to jurisdictional requirements and local law). Pinochet  was only able to come to trial because Chile and the UK had both signed and ratified the UN Convention Against Torture through which such immunities were waived. It may be the case that personal immunity is itself being eroded. In 2004 the Appeals Chamber of the  Special Court for Sierra Leone  held that indicted Liberian president  Charles Taylor  could not invoke his Head of State immunity to resist the charges against him, even though he was an incumbent Head of State at the time of his indictment. However, this reasoning was based on the construction of the court’s constituent statute, that dealt with the matter of indicting state officials. In any case, Taylor had ceased to be an incumbent Head of State by the time of the court’s decision so the arresting authorities would have een free to issue a fresh warrant had the initial warrant been overturned. Nevertheless, this decision may signal a changing direction in international law on this issue. Recent developments in international law suggest that this type of immunity, whilst it may be available as a defence to prosecution for local or domestic crimes or civil liability, is not a defence to an international crime. (International crimes include  crimes against humanity,  war crimes, and  genocide). This has developed in the jurisprudence of the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia, particularly in the  Karadzic,  Milosevic, and  Furundzija  cases (though care should be taken when considering ICTY jurisprudence due to its  Ad-hoc  nature). This was also the agreed position as between the parties in their pleadings in the  International Court of Justice  Case Concerning the Arrest Warrant of 11 April 2000 (Democratic Republic of the Congo v. Belgium). The reasons commonly given for why this immunity is not available as a defense to international crimes is straight forward: (1) that is genocide, war crimes and crimes against humanity are not acts of state. Criminal acts of the type in question are committed by human actors, not states; and (2) we cannot allow the  jus cogens  nature of international crimes, i. e. the fact that they are  non-derogable  norms, to be eroded by immunities. However, the final judgment of the ICJ regarding immunity may have thrown the existence of such a rule limiting functional immunities into doubt. See in this respect the criticism of the ICJ’s approach by Wouters, Cassese and Wirth among others, though some such as Bassiouni claim that the ICJ affirmed the existence of the rule. Regarding claims based on the idea that a senior state official committing International crimes can never be said to be acting officially, as Wouters notes â€Å"This argument, however, is not waterproof since it ignores the sad reality that in most cases those crimes are precisely committed by or with the support of high-ranking officials as part of a state’s policy, and thus can fall within the scope of official acts. Academic opinion on the matter is divided and indeed only the future development of International Customary law, possibly accelerated by states exercising  universal jurisdiction  over retired senior state officials, will be able to confirm whether state sovereignty has now yielded partially to internationally held human rights values. In November 2007, French prosecutors refused to press charges against former US Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld for torture and other alleged crimes committed during the course of the US invasion of Iraq, on the grounds that heads of state enjoyed official immunity under customary international law, and they further claimed that the immunity exists after the official has left office. [1] How to cite Functional Immunity, Papers

Strong System of Communication Organization - MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Strong System of Communication Organization. Answer: Introduction: The board structure of Tokyo Electric Power Company was a tall structure which hindered communication of crucial information. This was evident from the opinion provided by Mr Katsumaat, the Chairman and Mr Muto and Mr Takekuro, Vice Presidents. They informed that they were not provided information about the tsunami forecasts which could have allowed them to take necessary risk management actions to minimize the losses to resources, environment and employment when the three reactors melted due to the wave surges. This board of TEPCO consisted of corruptive executives who tried to distort facts of accidents due to the tsunami and explosions of the reactors. Thus, the corruptive and bureaucratic nature of the board of TEPCO was largely responsible for the accidents. The official website of Tokyo Electric Power Company speaks a great deal about its corporate governance measures which is contrary to its actual practices revealing its gross irresponsibility in the areas of corporate social responsibilities. The company did not take any initiative in spite of having information about the approaching tsunami. This resulted in immense environmental damage when three reactors melted and radioactive elements forced the occupants of a nearby hospital relocate to escape the radiation. This lack of risk management in the company and concern for employees was evident in the apex management reluctance in mandating safety wear for them. These facts clearly reveals that company had no genuine responsibilities towards its internal stakeholders, employees and apex management and external stakeholders, the society in general (tepco.co.jp, 2018). One can advise the chairman of TEPCO to enforce a strong system of communication within the organization. This would enable sharing crucial information like natural calamities and enable the company to take appropriate measures to minimize the risks due to them. The managers should ensure that the employees wear safety equipment like gloves and masks while working on site. References:. Fukushima 3/2/16:Ex-TEPCO Execs Indicted; Failure To Follow Meltdown Manual; Population Decline. (2018).YouTube. Retrieved 28 March 2018, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qXXc6eT1cPolist=PLtVcoUQxU1--i7xup9k7MYCaxC1ti5V_F#action=share TEPCO : TEPCO. (2018).Tepco.co.jp. Retrieved 28 March 2018, from https://www.tepco.co.jp/en/index-e.html